THE MICROBIOME IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER Approaches to studying and manipulating the enteric microbiome to improve autism symptoms

Richard E. Frye*, John Slattery, Derrick F. MacFabe, Emma Allen-Vercoe, William Parker, John Rodakis, James B. Adams, Rosa Krajmalnik-Brown, Ellen Bolte, Stephen Kahler, Jana Jennings, Jill James, Carl E. Cerniglia and Tore Midtvedt Division of Neurology, Arkansas Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA; Department of Psychology and Psychiatry, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada; Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC USA; N of One: Autism Research Foundation, Dallas, TX, USA; School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA; Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA; Private Practice, Benton, AR, USA; Department of Developmental Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA; National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR, USA; MTC, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden